{"id":2908,"date":"2009-07-23T23:24:01","date_gmt":"2009-07-24T04:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pmedicine.org\/epatients\/?p=2908"},"modified":"2009-07-23T23:24:01","modified_gmt":"2009-07-24T04:24:01","slug":"guest-post-on-the-ideal-doctorpatient-relationship-kent-bottles-md","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/participatorymedicine.org\/epatients\/2009\/07\/guest-post-on-the-ideal-doctorpatient-relationship-kent-bottles-md.html","title":{"rendered":"Guest post on The Ideal Doctor\/Patient Relationship (Kent Bottles, MD)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Kent<\/em><\/em>

Kent Bottles MD<\/p><\/div>\n

Guest post by Kent Bottles, M.D., President of ICSI<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Preface: <\/em>The Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement is a Minnesota-based non-profit that “brings together diverse groups to transform the health care system so that it delivers patient-centered and value-driven care.”<\/p>\n

Needless to say, I like how they think. (Good taste, too – they invited me to do a 90 minute keynote at their conference, May 3-5, 2010 in St. Paul.)<\/p>\n

Anyway, Thursday morning on Twitter, @KentBottles retweeted this:<\/p>\n

@ICSIorg: The Ideal Doctor\/Patient Relationship:
\nCan Doctors Ever Know What Will Benefit the Patient?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Son of a gun, he’s writing about a book Patient, Heal Thyself<\/em> that was the subject of a post here<\/a> in January. The book takes a controversial position, going to the core of who’s responsible for what in the patient-provider relationship. And that’s at the core of participatory medicine. So we’re cross-posting Kent’s thoughts here.<\/p>\n

The subject gave him a headache. You? –ePD
\n<\/p>\n

\n

The Ideal Doctor\/Patient Relationship:<\/p>\n

Can Doctors Ever Know What Will Benefit the Patient
\n<\/strong>
\nWhat is the ideal relationship between doctor and patient in 2009 America? In 1927, in a famous essay titled \u201cThe Care of the Patient<\/a>,\u201d Francis Peabody described the personal bond between these two actors as the source of the \u201cgreatest satisfaction of the practice of medicine.\u201d (JAMA<\/em>, 1927, 88: 877). During my medical school days in the late 1970\u2019s at Case Western Reserve in Cleveland, this personal bond was talked about a lot. The other topic emphasized was the need to evolve beyond the traditional the \u201cdoctor-is-always-right attitude\u201d that Sherwin B. Nuland describes in a book review<\/a> published in The New Republic<\/em> (July 1, 2009).<\/p>\n

In response to the paternalistic physician who pushes his values onto the patient, Jay Katz in the 1984 book The Silent World of Doctors and Patients<\/em> argued that patients should decide between competing treatments because they alone can evaluate the personal issues involved in making such important choices. As one bioethicist put it in 1990, \u201cWe must render a patient\u2019s responsibility to the physician unacceptable, and we must insist that patients take primary responsibility for making decisions related to their health care.\u201d (Schneider, CE, The Practice of Autonomy: Patients, Doctors, and Medical Decisions<\/em>, 1998).<\/p>\n

Not all patients want to take on this primary responsibility. The problems associated with them making their own decisions are summarized by this patient:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen he asked me what I wanted him to do I was very upset. He\u2019s meant to be the expert, isn\u2019t he? How should I be expected to know what\u2019s the best if he doesn\u2019t? I thought it was cruel. I asked him what he would do if it was his wife\u2019s X-ray and test in front of him and he just said that what mattered was what I wanted. I don\u2019t think it\u2019s fair to say that to people like me who don\u2019t know much about illness and operations. In the end, I just asked my daughter who used to be a nurse what I should do.\u201d (Quoted in Schneider, CE, 1998).<\/p>\n

Schneider in \u201cThe Practice of Autonomy\u201d finds that some patients may want to reasonably give up their right to make their own medical decisions because they feel less competent than their physicians, because they are too exhausted, depressed, irritable, and confused by their illness to think straight, and because they want to be manipulated into a course of action they desire but still resist. He describes patients\u2019 desires as \u201ccomplex, ambiguous, and ambivalent.\u201d A patient quoted in this important book says, \u201cI needed the doctors to take control so I could use all my energy for recovering.\u201d<\/p>\n

The philosophers and the bioethicists write books and attend conferences where they tell medical students that patients should or must decide what medical care they want, that social justice demands that all of us should get the medical care we have a right to, that doctors should put the patient ahead of their own personal interests, and that the doctor should not harm the patient in caring for him or her. But the clinic still must be staffed and the patients must be seen. And in the real worlds of the hospital, nursing home and doctor\u2019s office, patients do not always come in with a well-developed personal belief system that allows them to make all their own medical decisions.<\/p>\n

Before his famous trip to McAllen, Texas, Atul Gawande addressed the tension between the advice of the bioethicists and the messy, busy, confusing world of taking care of real patients. Gawande rejects the paternalism of his urologist father where \u201cdoctors made the decisions; patients did what they were told.\u201d \u201cMy father recounts that, through the seventies and much of the eighties, when men came to see him seeking vasectomies it was accepted that he would judge whether the surgery was not only medically appropriate, but also personally appropriate for them.\u201d Patients \u201cwere regarded as children: too fragile and simpleminded to handle the truth, let alone make decisions. And they suffered for it.\u201d (Atul Gawande, Annals of Medicine: Whose Body Is It, Anyway? The New Yorker<\/em>, October 4, 1999)<\/p>\n

Much of Gawande\u2019s article describes the terminal cancer patient Lazaroff who insists on neurosurgery that none of his doctors really thought was appropriate or wise. \u201cLazaroff, I thought, chose badly. Not, however, because he died so violently and appallingly\u2026.I thought Lazaroff chose badly because his choice ran against his deepest interests.\u201d Gawande concludes the article by writing, \u201cAs the field grows ever more complex and technological, the real task isn\u2019t to banish paternalism; the real task is to preserve kindness.\u201d (The New Yorker<\/em>, October 4, 1999).<\/p>\n

And now we have Health 2.0 and participatory medicine, empowered patients and social networks, and some patients demanding to make all their decisions and see all their medical records. Robert M. Veatch in \u201cPatient, Heal Thyself: How the \u2018New Medicine\u2019 Puts the Patient in Charge\u201d<\/em> (Oxford University Press, 2008) and Dr. Don Berwick in a recent Health Affairs <\/em>article<\/a> make the intellectual case for patients healing themselves.<\/p>\n

Berwick has proposed a new definition of patient-centered care as \u201cthe experience (to the extent the informed, individual patient desires it) of transparency, individualization, recognition, respect, dignity, and choice in all matters, without exception, related to one\u2019s person, circumstances, and relationships in health care.\u201d According to Berwick, such a definition should lead to elimination of restrictions on visiting patients in the hospital, patient choice of food and clothing in hospital, patient and family participation in rounds, patient and family input into design of processes and services, patients owning the medical record with clinicians needing to obtain patient permission to see it, and shared-decision making being used universally.<\/p>\n

Veatch states that patients alone should be in charge of their medical care and they have no choice but to assume this active role. In Veatch\u2019s ideal world there would be no informed consent and no prescriptions for drugs. Doctors should document the diagnosis and leave it to the patient to talk to the pharmacist about whether they should take the drug and what dose they should try. And Veatch believes that since \u201cphysicians generally have no basis for knowing what would benefit their patients\u201d they \u201cmust stop trying to make decisions that benefit patients.\u201d<\/p>\n

Which brings us back to Sherwin B. Nuland, the retired surgeon and author, who reviewed Veatch\u2019s book for The New Republic<\/em> (July 1, 2009). Echoing the real patients quoted by Schneider and knowing the real world where Gawande performs surgery, Nuland concludes that \u201creaders are left with a topsy-turvy world, but maybe that was his plan all along. Veatch stands revealed as an agent provocateur of medical ethics. His cleverness has gotten the better of his compassion. What he prescribes, for patients and doctors, is anarchy.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mark Hall in a review of Veatch\u2019s book<\/a> in the New England Journal of Medicine <\/em>ends by stating \u201cVeatch does us a real service by mapping such an unappealing world. His articulation of the strongest conceivable version of patient autonomy convinces at least this reviewer of how fundamentally wrong this position is.\u201d<\/p>\n

I will, for now, leave the last word with some patients. After reading the 1999 Gawande article, Susan Zimmerman, a physician and mother of a child with a chronic condition, wrote in a letter to the editor of the New Yorker <\/em>(November 1, 1999): \u201cSome people may feel that the techniques\u2026that a good clinician uses to persuade a patient to choose the treatment the physician desires smacks of paternalism\u2026Preserving kindness involves (the physician) shouldering some of the responsibility for patients should they desire it.\u201d The famous e-Patient Dave who survived kidney cancer weighed in on January 9, 2009 when he read the New England Journal of Medicine <\/em>review of Veatch\u2019s book. In his e-patients.net blog he wrote, \u201cAs someone whose butt was saved by excellent medical care, I find it unimaginable to consider doctors ‘incapable of determining what will benefit’ me. What, like I was going to think up high-dosage Interleukin-2 on my own?\u201d<\/p>\n

In the future I will try to figure out for myself what the ideal relationship between physician and patients should be in the 21st century. In one post<\/a> e-Patient Dave says \u201cPhysicians are coaches, patients are players.\u201d<\/p>\n

I have heard Dr. Danny Sands speak about embracing \u201cknowledge symmetry.\u201d I guess I just do not yet understand what these slogans really mean for me and my family, my profession, my patients and my country. I have a headache. That is enough for now.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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